Scand.J Med Sci.Sports 2001;11(2):96-102. View abstract. View abstract. Clin.J.Sport Med. View abstract. Influence of creatine supplementation on the functional capacity of patients with heart failure. 2000;48(5):723-729. Theodorou, A. S., Havenetidis, K., Zanker, C. L., O'Hara, J. P., King, R. F., Hood, C., Paradisis, G., and Cooke, C. B. 2010;14(2):155-159. 2003;38(1):44-50. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults. View abstract. View abstract. Arginine-glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency is another disorder that prevents the body from making creatine. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. 9-3-2008;95(1-2):130-134. 2012;26(6):1651-1656. Clin Chim.Acta 2005;361(1-2):1-9. 2018 Dec 13;4:41. doi: 10.1186/s40795-018-0250-y. -, Acta Physiol Scand. The most common adverse effect is transient water retention in the early stages of supplementation. Clin Chim.Acta 1-5-2000;290(2):179-188. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. Seatone in rheumatoid arthritis: a six-month placebo-controlled study. View abstract. Nutrients. (Paris) 2005;161(3):284-289. View abstract. Chilibeck, P. D., Stride, D., Farthing, J. P., and Burke, D. G. Effect of creatine ingestion after exercise on muscle thickness in males and females. Is running performance enhanced with creatine serum ingestion? Wilkinson TJ, Lemmy AB, Jones AG, et al. View abstract. Manabe S, Kurihara N, Wada O, et al. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004;14(4):443-460. Tarnopolsky MA, Roy BD, MacDonald JR. A randomized, controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies. View abstract. View abstract. The following doses have been studied in scientific research: Koshy KM, Griswold E, Schneeberger EE. Ann.Neurol. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. One of the reported side effects of creatine is weight gain. Physiol Behav. The effect of oral creatine supplementation on maximal exercise performance in competitive rowers. 1989;35(8):1802-1803. View abstract. Acute creatine monohydrate supplementation: a descriptive physiological profile of responders vs. nonresponders. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(3):421-424. Eur.J Appl.Physiol 2000;82(4):321-325. Sports Med 1999;27(2):97-110. Groeneveld, G. J., Beijer, C., Veldink, J. H., Kalmijn, S., Wokke, J. H., and van den Berg, L. H. Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-controlled trial. Juhn, M. S., O'Kane, J. W., and Vinci, D. M. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition. Effect of creatine supplementation on cycle ergometer exercise in a hyperthermic environment. Creatine supplementation does not alter neuromuscular recovery after eccentric exercise. Reduction of ventricular arrhythmias by phosphocreatine (Neoton) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. A., Smith, A. E., Herda, T. J., Ryan, E. D., Moon, J. R., Cramer, J. T., and Stout, J. R. Effects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold in cycle ergometry in college-age men. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2004;44(10):661-666. View abstract. -, Med Sci Sports Exerc. Acta Physiol Scand. View abstract. View abstract. Bazzucchi, I., Felici, F., and Sacchetti, M. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on neuromuscular function. Acta Paediatr. Baker TP, Candow DG, Farthing JP. View abstract. J.Cosmet.Dermatol. Jahangir, E., Vita, J. Consensus statement for standard of care in spinal muscular atrophy. 2008;97(1):31-34. View abstract. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997;76:566-7. II Cuore 1994;11(4):345-354. Myburgh, K H FACSM, Bold, A*, Bellinger, B*, Wilson, G*, and Noakes, T D FACSM. View abstract. 2009;66(9):1099-1104. Kornblum, C., Schroder, R., Muller, K., Vorgerd, M., Eggers, J., Bogdanow, M., Papassotiropoulos, A., Fabian, K., Klockgether, T., and Zange, J. Creatine has no beneficial effect on skeletal muscle energy metabolism in patients with single mitochondrial DNA deletions: a placebo-controlled, double-blind 31P-MRS crossover study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Alves, C. R., Ferreira, J. C., de Siqueira-Filho, M. A., Carvalho, C. R., Lancha, A. H., Jr., and Gualano, B. Creatine-induced glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a role for AMPK-alpha? December 19, 1997. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. 1993;39(2):153-159. Available at: https://www.mensfitnessmagazine.com.au/2013/09/creatine-in-the-dock/. Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Sijens, P. E., Verbruggen, K. T., Meiners, L. C., Soorani-Lunsing, R. J., Rake, J. P., and Oudkerk, M. 1H chemical shift imaging of the brain in guanidino methyltransferase deficiency, a creatine deficiency syndrome; guanidinoacetate accumulation in the gray matter. Verhoeven, N. M., Salomons, G. S., and Jakobs, C. Laboratory diagnosis of defects of creatine biosynthesis and transport. View abstract. Tarnopolsky, M., Mahoney, D., Thompson, T., Naylor, H., and Doherty, T. J. Creatine monohydrate supplementation does not increase muscle strength, lean body mass, or muscle phosphocreatine in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. View abstract. The effect of creatine supplementation on two 700-m maximal running bouts. Int J Sport Nutr. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. The use of exogenous creatine phosphate for myocardial protection in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. 2016 Aug;19(8):682-7. 2008;23(4):1330-1335. View abstract. View abstract. 2009;2(4):247-254. View abstract. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2004;14(1):95-103. J Appl.Physiol 2002;93(6):2018-2022. View abstract. View abstract. Coco, M. and Perciavalle, V. Creatine ingestion effects on oxidative stress in a steady-state test at 75% VO(2max). Ayoama, R., Hiruma, E., and Sasaki, H. Effects of creatine loading on muscular strength and endurance of female softball players. What factors influenced or will influence your purchase? A pilot clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease: 18-month results. 2008;28(3):172-178. Other ergogenic agents. – Minor creatine side effects such as these are not common but they do happen. Crim, M. C., Calloway, D. H., and Margen, S. Creatine metabolism in men: urinary creatine and creatinine excretions with creatine feeding. View abstract. Int.J.Sports Med. View abstract. View abstract. We did not find any adverse effects on renal function. Urbanski, R. L., Vincent, W. J., and Yaspelkis, B. 2010;24(12):3343-3351. View abstract. Fact: There is no data that shows creatine causes muscle cramps or dehydration. View abstract. Klopstock, T., Querner, V., Schmidt, F., Gekeler, F., Walter, M., Hartard, M., Henning, M., Gasser, T., Pongratz, D., Straube, A., Dieterich, M., and Muller-Felber, W. A placebo-controlled crossover trial of creatine in mitochondrial diseases. The effects of creatine monohydrate loading on anaerobic performance and one-repetition maximum strength. View abstract. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013;65(9):1449-59. Low bone mass (osteopenia). Potential benefits of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the elderly. Mol.Genet.Metab 2010;101(4):409-412. View abstract. View abstract. Branch, J. D., Schwarz, W. D., and Van, Lunen B. Despite numerous publications on the ergogenic effects of this naturally occurring substance, there is little information on the possible adverse effects of this supplement. Kuklo TR, Tis JE, Moores LK, Schaefer RA. Jacobs, I., Bleue, S., and Goodman, J. Creatine ingestion increases anaerobic capacity and maximum accumulated oxygen deficit. HHS Taking creatine with medications that can harm the kidneys might increase the chance of kidney damage. Rawson ES, Clarkson PM. J Strength Cond Res. Exogenous creatine supplements are often consumed by athletes in amounts of up to 20 g/day for a few days, followed by 1 to 10 g/day for weeks, months and even years. Available at: https://www.ncaa.org/2016-17-ncaa-banned-drugs-list. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995;35(5):411-416. A group of inherited disorders that cause muscle weakness and muscle loss (muscular dystrophy). View abstract. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28:1435-41. 2015 Oct;70:97-104. Clin Sports Med 1998;17:283-97. J Virol 1995;69:4656-7. As far as what has been reported in studies, creatine is completely safe and works as a very effective supplement. Gualano B, Macedo AR, Alves CR, et al. View abstract. Clin Ter. Bergnes G, Yuan W, Khandekar VS, et al. Willoughby, D. S. and Rosene, J. Pharmacol Res. View abstract. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. View abstract. View abstract. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. Studies on the safety of creatine supplementation. A meta-analysis. 2002;34(2):332-343. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2003;13(2):173-183. Creatine is a compound that is synthesized in your body by your pancreas and used for energy production in your skeletal muscles, with 95 percent of creatine stored in your muscles and the remaining 5 percent in your Can creatine supplementation improve body composition and objective physical function in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients? Eur.J Appl.Physiol Occup.Physiol 1998;77(4):360-365. Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, et al. Schneider-Gold C, Beck M, Wessig C, et al. Normal reference values for creatine, creatinine, and carnitine are lower in vegetarians. Pastula, D. M., Moore, D. H., and Bedlack, R. S. Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. 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